浸润可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 肚脐尿管溃疡A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肚脐尿管溃疡散见于肚脐和膀胱之间，有时候坐落于肚脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可散见于仅坐落于肚脐下。这些溃疡可展示出为只不过无水声或低水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 左图11A，肚脐尿管溃疡，此溃疡已受感染，内部含有要强水声的液体。B，肚脐尿管溃疡，紧绷的溃疡前壁激发反射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴囊粘液特异连续性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).褶腔阴囊粘液特异连续性是阴囊外科手术的仍然合并症，无特殊展示出，但可于以前外科手术的瘢痕西北侧见一发散肿物，并有周期连续性的眼部和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 左图12 ，剖宫产印记西北侧阴囊粘液特异连续性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 褶腔血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).褶直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作连续性痉挛后、喷嚏或哮喘发作后，其根本原因有时候是抗凝治疗或黄疸连续性疾病。由于血肿上限于褶直肌鞘内，有时候不太大，其轮廓根据所西北侧位置而定，在弓状支线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于正上方只见（左图13A）；在弓状支线请注意，由于褶白支线缺如，可扩展横过之中支线，因此血肿展示出为分叶状，其最大尺寸坐落于横轴上。在产妇褶腔血肿可散见于肚脐上垂直扩展（左图13B、C）。术后弥散连续性血管内心血管的病患可于褶腔外科手术瘢痕靠近只见大的血肿（左图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 左图13A，一之中年妇女剧烈痉挛后褶直肌鞘血肿，交叉指示褶横软骨。B，产妇褶腔血肿。C，一产妇肚脐血管附着西北侧上面的褶腔血肿。UV，肚脐血管。D，一弥散连续性血管内心血管的剖宫产术后病患额头西北侧褶腔血肿。

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